Pengalaman berpindah dari Lilo ke Grub (quick and dirty)

Written by Administrator Saturday, 28 August 2004 15:10

Alasan :

- Saya membutuhkan memuat beragam system operasi dalam PC saya, karena tuntutan pekerjaan. Dengan adanya beragam
System Operasi dalam PC saya maka hal tersebut menuntut bootloader yang bisa meload beragam OS dalam HD saya
tersebut. Dalam beberapa hal, saya menyukai LILO. Namun keterbasan LILO dalam menangani kondisi yang saya
harapkan membuat saya harus memikirkan bootloader lain. Salah satu bootloader lain yang saya kenal adalah
GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader). Pendahuluan :

- GRUB Mendukung GNU Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, GNU HURD, DOS, Windows 95, 98, NT, maupun 2000 (XP dan *BSD saya belum coba,.. )

- Dalam PC saya terinstall 4 macam OS, yaitu :
hda1 --> Windows 2000
hda2 --> Slackware 8.1
hda3 --> Debian Woody 3.0
hda5 --> Linux Mandrake 8.2

Berikut output dari cfdisk :

                                                cfdisk 2.11n



                                             Disk Drive: /dev/hda

                                            Size: 10005037056 bytes

                             Heads: 255   Sectors per Track: 63   Cylinders: 1216



     Name             Flags          Part Type      FS Type                [Label]               Size (MB)

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     hda1                             Primary       Win95 FAT32                                    3676.71

     hda2                             Primary       Linux ext2                                     1497.01

     hda3             Boot            Primary       Linux ext2                                     1497.01

     hda5                             Logical       Linux ext2                                     1497.01

     hda6                             Logical       Linux swap                                      386.59

     hda7                             Logical       Win95 FAT32                                    1447.65

- Setelah utek-utek sebentar, akhirnya saya temukan quick and dirty dalam implementasi GRUB.

1. Mother OS tempat GRUB Dikontrol

===================================
- Saya memilih debian sebagai 'mother OS' untuk memanaje grub, dimana dari tabel partisi HD saya terletak di hda3.
(Fans baru debian, rek...! :D )

Kemudian mencari paket grub :


buraq:~# apt-cache search grub

grub - GRand Unified Bootloader

Instal pake grub :


apt-get -y install grub

Atau dalam redhat dan mandrake :


rpm -Uvh /path-ke-dir-RPMS-dalam-redhat-atau-mandrake/RPMS/grub******

Cek apakah dir /boot/grub sudah ada atau belum, bila belum maka kita buat :


buraq:~# mkdir /boot/grub/

buraq:~# cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage1 /boot/grub/

buraq:~# cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage2 /boot/grub/

buraq:~# cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage2 /boot/grub/

buraq:~# cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/e2fs_stage1_5 /boot/grub/

Test grub :


buraq:~# grub

Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.

    GRUB  version 0.91  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)



 [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB

   lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible

   completions of a device/filename. ]



grub> root (hd0, <-- ketik [TAB disini]

 Possible partitions are:

   Partition num: 0,  Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb

   Partition num: 1,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 2,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 4,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 5,  Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x82

   Partition num: 6,  Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb



grub> root (hd0,

Sedikit bingung ?
begini konversinya : cfdisk membaca dari angka 1 sedangkan grub dari 0
Sehingga (cek dengan output cfdisk saya):
hda1 --> Partition num: 0, Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb
hda2 --> Partition num: 1, Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
...dst

2. Setting Up GRUB

======================================================
Sekarang hapus ketikan anda di grub sheel dan ketik :


grub> quit

Pindah ke /boot/grub


buraq:~# cd /boot/grub/

Buat file yang berisi daftar yang ingin di load


buraq:/boot/grub# vi menu.lst



#----------------------start file----------------------------

default 0

timeout 30

color white/blue blue/green



title Windows-2000

root (hd0,0)

makeactive

chainloader +1



title Slackware

kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2



title Debian

kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3



title Mandrake

kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5 devfs=mount

initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img



title Slackware-failsafe

kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 failsafe



title Debian-failsafe

kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 failsafe



title Mandrake-failsafe

kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5 failsafe devfs=nomount

initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img

#----------------------end file----------------------------

Keterangan :
Baris-baris ini :
#-----------------------------
title Windows-2000
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
#-----------------------------
Untuk meload OS WIndows

Baris-baris berikut :
#-----------------------------
title Slackware
kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2

title Debian
kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3

title Mandrake
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5 devfs=mount
initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img
#-----------------------------
Untuk meload OS Linux

Baris-baris berikut :
#-----------------------------
title Slackware-failsafe
kernel (hd0,1)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 failsafe

title Debian-failsafe
kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda3 failsafe

title Mandrake-failsafe
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5 failsafe devfs=nomount
initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd.img
#-----------------------------
Akan memberikan efek seperti kita mengetikkan :
LILO: linux -s

Kemudian simpan file /boot/grub/menu.lst

3. Menuliskan GRUB ke MBR menggantikan LILO
=============================================
Masuk ke dalam shell grub :


buraq:/boot/grub# grub

Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.





    GRUB  version 0.91  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)



 [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB

   lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible

   completions of a device/filename. ]



grub> root (hd0, <<-- ketik [TAB]

 Possible partitions are:

   Partition num: 0,  Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb

   Partition num: 1,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 2,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 4,  Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   Partition num: 5,  Filesystem type unknown, partition type 0x82

   Partition num: 6,  Filesystem type is fat, partition type 0xb



grub> root (hd0,2)

 Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83



grub> setup (hd0)

 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes

 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes

 Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes

 Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"...  16 sectors are embedded.

succeeded

 Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 d (hd0) (hd0)1+16 p (hd0,2)/boot/grub/stage

2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded

Done.



grub> quit

OK selesai setting Up GRUB. Silahkan reboot PC anda dan voila.... GRUB anda telah berjalan

NOTE :

- Tidak seperti LILO yang tiap kali ada perubahan untuk boot harus menuliskan ke dalam MBR, GRUB cukup mengedit file /boot/grub/menu.lst

- Masih banyak lagi feature-feature GRUB. More fun if you read all the manual first....

Bacaan :
http://www-105.ibm.com/developerworks/education.nsf/dw/linux-onlinecourse-bytitle

Note: bermanfaat sekali dan kereeennn. makasih xeno!

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